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Seeds are typically propagated utilising substrates, a medium that mimics the function of soil, within which the seedling can grow.  A number of different substrates are currently available on the market; ranging from natural/organic materials such as bark, coir and cocoa to synthetic foams - replacing the previously preferred peat based products. Peat has been banned due to the detrimental impact on the environment it's use causes. However, the carbon footprint associated with the production, transportation and disposal of these substrates is not negligible. With products such as coir and cocoa produced many miles from the point of use.  With the need for robust and reliably high yields; cleanliness of the substrate is key. Not only for healthy crop growth but also for reducing unwanted (algae) growth. By design, the conditions within substrates are as close to optimum as possible and unwanted growth is almost inevitable. Ultimately, despite stringent hygiene control measures; it is typically necessary for substrates to be disposed of after each use. Furthermore, substrates are often root bound and can be challenging if not impossible to separate. Meaning any unwanted growth remains with the crop; perpetually degrading crop health and growth performance. Non-biodegradable substrates such as polyurethane foam also prevent onward transplanting in soil; isolating many growers from adopting more modern controlled environment growing technology. Crop holder is totally  substrate free; totally re-usable and totally recyclable.